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High Deductible Health Plan? Maximize value with a HSA

by Financial Sensei
March 29th, 2012

I have been on a high deductible health plan for the last several years. These plans have lower premiums and a higher deductible than a traditional health plan. The plans are targeted to healthy people (read: no chronic ailments) that want some sort of catastrophic coverage. The plans can be, though don’t have to be, paired with a health savings account.

A health savings account (“HSA”) is an account that allows you to accumulate money in a tax advantaged account. The account holder’s contribution is fully tax deductible – for example if you made $55,000 and contributed $5,000 to your HSA then your net earnings for the year would drop to $50,000. In addition, once the $5,000 goes into the HSA you can invest in a range of options from mutual funds to individual stocks to simple bank accounts. All of those earnings grow tax deferred. In addition, if you use the money for legitmate health care expenses you can use the money without penalty (also, if you reach age 65 the money in the account can be used without penalty).

What’s the catch? If you need the money prior to age 65 for anything other than health expenses, the withdrawal is subject to a 20% penalty. What are the deductible limits to qualify for a HDHP?

Year Minimum deductible (single) Minimum deductible (family) Maximum out-of-pocket (single) Maximum out-of-pocket (family)
2009 $1,150 $2,300 $5,800 $11,600
2010 $1,200 $2,400 $5,950 $11,900
2011 $1,200 $2,400 $5,950 $11,900

Second, what are the contribution limits for the Health Savings Account?

Year Contribution Limit
(Single)
Contribution Limit
(Family)
Catch-Up Contribution
(55 or older) (Single and Family)
2011 $3,050 $6,150 $1,000
2012[13] $3,100 $6,250 $1,000

If you are looking to save some money on taxes next year, try a HDHP paired with a HSA.

Wisdom to Fortune.

 

 

 

 

Categories Personal Finance, Taxes
Comments (0)

Book Review: The Neatest Little Guide to Stock Market Investing

by Financial Sensei
March 23rd, 2012

The Neatest Little Guide To Stock Market Investing is a useful primer for the novice investor. The author, Jason Kelly, does a decent job of explaining how the stock market works and how essential information, such as financial ratios, should be interpreted by the individual investor. Kelly is also adept at explaining the different styles of investing; most notably, a chapter entitled “How the Masters tell us to invest” sums up the strategies of investment legends such as Warren Buffet, Bill Miller, Benjamin Graham, Peter Lynch and other venerable masters in a clear and concise format.  Kelly’s advice on where to look to find business news, and a decent broker (he is a big fan of online discount brokers, and rightly so) is useful information for anybody not yet familiar with the investing world. All of the book’s chapters are laid out in a clear and concise fashion that allows the information to be easily digested by financial neophytes and veterans alike.

Where this book falls short is its strategy, and Kelly’s personal suggestions can be questionable (keep in mind that Kelly is not an investing professional, but a writer who covered finance). I would not recommend that anyone use this book’s strategy as the sole blueprint for their-own personal investing style. Don’t get me wrong, he has some good advice that should be implemented into your personal strategy. I do, however, wish that Kelly stuck to his unbiased explanations of what seems to be an insurmountable amount of information seen daily by individual investors, and how it relates to you and me and, in turn, left much of his personal views out of it. There are countless books that opine on what investment strategy is best, and to be a really successful investor you have to read, a lot, and decide for yourself what is most appropriate for your needs and personality.  It’s not that Kelly’s strategy is completely misguided, and his strategy of tracking stocks is a good guide that can be easily personalized, but no one book should tell you how to implement your own strategy so precisely. Also, as a value investor I have to take issue with his opinion on the efficacy of the price-to-book ratio (a ratio that compares the price of the stock to the intrinsic value of the company) for evaluating stocks:

In truth, P/B (price to book) isn’t worth much to me. I care a lot more about a company’s use of its equipment to earn money than I do about the auction value of that equipment. If I really wanted the most equipment for my money, I’d go to the auction myself.

Kelly seems to contradict him-self at times, claiming in the beginning of the book that he leans more towards value, rather than growth, investing for his personal strategy, but then seems to put a little more weight on the growth side.

If you are new to investing, or the stock market, this is a good book to start with. It has detailed and concise explanations of what you’re going to come across during your new hobby. You will learn a lot, that I guarantee, but in terms of crafting your own strategy, read this, then read the masters and decide what works for you.

Categories Reviews
Comments (2)

Food Dehydrator: Save Money and Nutrients

by Financial Sensei
March 13th, 2012

In my quest to lead a healthy and frugal lifestyle, I have come across one piece of machinery that has until now evaded my perusing: a food dehydrator. Most people use this appliance for beef jerky, or other types of jerky, but it can be used for a variety of other foods as well. I plan to use it for fruits and vegetables because I have decided to significantly increase the amount of raw foods I eat. From what I’ve researched, it appears that one really can’t go wrong with a raw food diet.

I know what you’re thinking, how can anyone give up cooked food? Well, I think that too, which is why I’m not going to. I am, however, going to attempt to significantly increase my raw food consumption while simultaneously cutting back on cooked foods and meat.

The initial reason for my purchase of a food dehydrator was a direct result of my desire to eat more raw foods. While researching raw food cookbooks, it seemed like almost all the books required a dehydrator. Upon further inspection it became obvious that owning a dehydrator is a good idea for anyone trying to reduce the amount of food they waste or throw out. You see, dehydrating fresh food keeps a significant amount of the original nutrients found in items like fruits and vegetables, but it also preserves the food for a very long time–up to 10 years if the food is stored properly!

A good dehydrator isn’t too expensive either; people seem to be happy with this one. I’m hoping this purchase leads to less waste, and consequentially, more money saved, so the dehydrator will pay for itself over the long run.

Wisdom to fortune.

Categories Going Green, Health and Wellness, Money Saving
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Watch out for the COGS, and Gross Profit Margin

by Financial Sensei
March 9th, 2012

A word you may here quite often in the investing world is “COGS”. COGS is short for “cost of goods sold”, (sometimes referred to as “cost of sales” or “cost of revenue”) which is essentially the cost associated with making the product the company has sold. More specifically, COGS represent the cost of the materials and labor that went into producing the final product (leaving out things such as administrative and sales costs – though occasionally companies may make a small allocation of these things to their COGS).

Say I sold a product for $100 (my revenue or sales, which is reported at the top of the income statement), and the cost of my final product was $70 (my COGS), my gross profit is $100 – $70 = $30. My gross profit margin could then be calculated by taking the gross profit, and dividing it by my original revenue (the $100 I sold my product for), so my gross profit margin is 30/100 = 30%. Sales is the very first thing listed at the top of the income statement, and the next item down is COGS (which you subtract from sales), followed by gross profit (sales – COGS).

Gross profit = Sales – Cost of goods sold (COGS)

Gross profit margin = Gross Profit / Sales

COGS can be a very important factor when analyzing a company. The other day I looked at a company that was increasing its gross profit at a very respectable rate, but its revenue was essentially flat for a few years. How could this happen? Well, at a point they managed to significantly decrease their COGS which made their gross profit rise even though their sales were flat. That situation poses a bit of a conundrum because, as investors, if a company can increase their profit margin without losing sales, then that is a good thing; yet if they are having trouble producing more revenue year after year, then that may be a red flag.

The gross profit margin is always something to consider, because it gives us an idea of how much money the firm can make off their product relative to how much the firm spent on making the product.

Wisdom to fortune.

Categories Investing
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